Sample Background and Questions Tanzania has been pursuing a programme of civil service reform which has emphasized job reduction. In local government the importance of reform and the lack of previous training for the manpower management officers responsible for job reduction are an argument for training, while the complex institutional arrangements of local government and the difficult circumstances in which there works for potential constraint on its effectiveness. The discussion of program's effectiveness leads to discussion of the limited effectiveness of even well-designed training in isolation, and of the complementary organizational and institutional development interventions which are desirable in order to increase its effectiveness. Tanzania was into bureaucratic affair however, economic liberalisation, multiparty democracy and governance reforms have on the one hand introduced measures conducive to building legal-rational bureaucracy and a liberal civil society, and on th...