The working title of this study is initially drafted as – Non-monetary benefits as an incentive to improve staff performance in public sector.
Research Context According to Tosi, Mero and Rizzo (2000, pp. 129-130), motivation has psychological and managerial meanings. The managerial meaning of motivation deals with the activity of managers and leaders to induce others in order to produce results desired or outlined by the organization or by the manager. The managerial concept of motivation conforms to a relationship between motivation, ability and performance. Individual empowerment refers to providing them decision powers and sense of ownership as this was perceived to bring higher productivity and higher quality. The key element is to align individual purpose and vision to the organization's culture that could lead to interest, concern, commitment and responsibility. Rummler and Brache (1990) assert that there are three levels of performance within an organization such as organization, process and individual. In the organization level, strategies, goals and measures are considered as both the drivers and bases of perfor...