The ample need to realize and apply several police services as well as recognize police reform issues that South Sudan can apply particular on Khartoum and noting essential points from Dalfur conflicts. Preliminary literature and case study will be the core methodology of research and possible adaptation of survey approach that entail to the context of Sudan, UN role and the police services built up or creation stature. The objectives are to describe and analyze trends in police transformation in South Sudan, Africa on development of democratic policing in relation to UN role and police services and reforms and involve police practitioners, researchers and civil society representative of the region. In addition, comprehensive literature assessment and critique is imperative for the overall structure and paradigm of research that links to Sudan's police services and such United Nations role pertaining to the matter.
The Selection of Case Study
Research focus on UN and police presence in South Sudan, as case survey, in-depth data-gathering, articles/journals review including lack of complete updated information, problem in establishing the real priorities facing complex social and political processes, lack of corroborative evidence that comes from interviews with informants as research needs to be augmented by research strategies in future. Research themes: In order to facilitate case based analysis the discussions for Sudan is organized around main themes: the historical and political context of policing in Sudan and imperatives for integration of UN role and police services.
The details containing case study is more comprehensive than in any of the other case studies, function of the fact that police reform in Africa has been well documented. Aside, police studies is much more advanced than elsewhere on the continent as the cases of South Sudan is to differ in many respects as developmental challenges have bearing on the prospects for state building more on the challenges and impacting on prospects for building the coercive institutions of the state such as UN role, and Sudan police - the subject of research enquiry.
Moreover, police reform is being increasingly recognized as fundamental element of conflict management, police service supported by the community and capable of arresting insecurity can have far-reaching impact in enabling lasting economic, social and political development. Police reform complement and embolden other programming in the areas of security sector reform, rule of law and good governance. The efforts to reform the police and improve their service
delivery face daunting political, financial, logistical and historical obstacles. Its very complexity can be intimidating, touching on issues of management,
leadership, political will, attitudes, established behaviors and negative public perceptions, clear understanding of what police reform entails and how it should be undertaken is essential.
Certain factors are critical to successful community based policing engagement. minimum degree of order is required as is conducive context and political support from key actors within the country: government, police and civil society. The shared understanding of goals among international actors and coordination between them is advantageous of analysis and assessment; design and planning; managing the implementation, evaluation and drawback. Research integration should be flexible ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the process will ensure that plans respond to changing circumstances. The UN must find effective ways to strengthen and institutionalize preventive diplomacy rather than reacting to crises that have spun out of control.
There can best focus on early reconciliation of disputing parties' interests, primarily through diplomatic ingenuity. Can the UN create paths to conflict resolution that are visible, attractive, and useful before conflicts become large and lethal? Can the UN find effective ways to bring the world's experience to bear on a particular conflict at an early stage in its development? The growing demand for UN intervention, not only in conflict between nations but also in serious internal conflicts, naturally challenges the capacity of the organization to respond.
For example, during October of 2007, Government of Southern Sudan suspended the participation of its Ministers, State Ministers, and Presidential Advisors from the Government of National Unity to protest measures taken by the National Congress Party and to demand full implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). The Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) has been complaining and urging the Sudanese government to implement key provisions of the CPA and to consult the First Vice President on key issues. Thus, complaining that President Omer Bashir has been taking important decisions with little or no consultation with the First Vice President since the signing of the peace agreement in 2005. On Darfur, President Bashir has been waging war and deliberately sidelining the SPLM on key decisions.
The finding out through secondary resource, example of Sudan case report covering policing aspects and ways of the region as in brief, "Police agency must be re-established in Southern Sudan, as the police institution had virtually ceased to function during the 22 year conflict. The old police stations were almost destroyed and now require re-building, as do all the central, training and management institutions for the police. UN Security Council Resolution 1590 established a UN Police Mission with the function of training and assisting police of Sudan, with priority given to the South. The UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) Police (UN Police) is mandated to provide technical assistance to the police reform processes in Sudan. The UNDP / MDTF Police Support Project also provides various forms of specialist technical expertise to the process of rebuilding a police force in Southern Sudan".
http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=53262&SelectRegion=Horn_of_Africa&SelectCountry=SUDAN (Accessed 20/5/2006), IRIN News 10 May 2006,
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