1.0 Scope of Project As a person with knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS), the author has always brought up to his superiors the viability of strategy formation regarding the analysis of these topics and at times fails to understand the reasons or logic behind certain strategic implementations imposed on it. By delving into this project paper, the author intends to have better insights into how geographic information systems are thought up, formulated and then imparted down into its subsidiaries of the companies. The author hopes to have an in-depth understanding as to how the geographic information systems enable companies and societies to compete effectively and profitably in this era of internationalization where competition is extremely intense. This project serves with two major parts. The first part gives a literature review on the definition of "geographic information systems" – the concepts, how important it is for today's companies and societies surviving in an ever-changing environment, how it is developed in order to successfully achieve the objectives or missions. The second part of the project will be applying the geographic information systems concepts into real practices. In order to reinforce the scope of this project, two key focal issues were focused upon, i.e. innovation and diversity. Innovation was discussed with regard to the geographic information systems where they renowned for their development and manufacturing capabilities to constantly innovate. Diversity came under strategic thinking and formation as the author considered the diverse culture, political climate, economic surroundings, social environment, technological settings, government policies and legal systems in order to better understand the issues being discussed. 1.1 Definition of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Geographic information systems are often utilized for the investigation and analysis of features or various events that happen within the vicinity of the earth. The continued usage of these technologies has led to the efficient and effective implementation of the policies and tasks necessary towards the satisfaction and safety of every nation's citizenry. Geographic information systems focus on the careful management of the processes involved in the proper execution of its mapping features over the earth's vicinity ( More often than not, small companies and ordinary individuals don't really have the capabilities to use or implement geographic information systems. Instead, these companies and individuals engage in activities that various schools of sciences typically associate with the utilization of geographic information systems. These activities include the use of GIS tooled gadgets and remote sensors. However, the usage of geographic information systems also deals with certain privacy issues within companies, organizations and individuals that are benefited from these technologies. Daily activities of human beings and organizations such as the management of resources, the control of information, logistics and evaluations can possibly be invaded by other people through geographic information systems. A great deal of emphasis lies on the efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Therefore, privacy issues involving geographic information systems include the analysis and management of internal processes. 2.0 Proposed Topic: GIS and Solving Traffic Congestion Geographic information systems, when improperly used, can effectively be considered as a solution towards traffic congestion especially in crowded cities. For instance, cars can be installed with GIS receivers during its manufacturing process. GIS powered cars often display moving maps and data regarding location, direction, and familiar places within a territory. Cities can also employ satellite communications systems through the utilization of a dish wired through a satellite. The antenna on an automobile, for instance, must be pointed based on its current location. These efforts can help solve traffic congestion by allowing the car users to drive to their places of destination easily and safely without so much time being wasted on finding their locations (Bolstad, 2005). GIS navigation allows automobile users to plan their routes of destination even before traveling, and they are able to follow these routes with maximum efficiency. These routes include wider highways and major roads where driving could be easy and safe. The literature review on geographic information systems of this project will be obtained from a mass reading of textbooks and learning materials from the MBA course, as well as the insights from some recent articles on geographic information systems. For this study, the descriptive method will be utilized. In this method, it is possible that the study would be cheap and quick. It could also suggest unanticipated hypotheses. Nonetheless, it would be very hard to rule out alternative explanations and especially infer causations. Thus, this study will use the descriptive approach. This descriptive type of research utilizes observations in the study. To come up with pertinent findings and provide credible recommendations, this study will utilize two sources of research: primary and secondary. Primary research data will be obtained through this new research study. Questionnaire survey and in-depth interview will be conducted. On the other hand, the secondary research data will be obtained from previous studies on the same topic. 4.0 Data Sources Data shall be collected from multiple sources, allowing for a number of different perspectives to be taken into consideration in the development of the recommendations. The data sources that will be examined include: · A review of the appropriate research literature. This includes examining studies where geographic information systems had been used for security either in a research or organizational setting. Both technical articles and "how-to" articles were included in the review;
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Introduction Today's market is characterised by highly competitive organisations which are all vying for consumer's loyalty. Firms are faced with the challenge to maintain their own competitive edge to be able to survive and be successful. Strategies are carefully planned and executed to gain the ultimate goal of all: company growth. However, external factors are not the only elements which influence growth. There are also internal factors, components working within the organisation which shape the direction of the company. Along with the changing business world, customers change as well, becoming more demanding and knowledgeable than before. In turn, company management had shifted their focus on their clients or customers so as to stay successfully in business. This transition meant that organisations have to completely reformulate their conventional business aims and purposes from being process-focused to customer-centred. Hence, in order to bring out exceptional custome
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