Cambodia Conservation

Conservation and Sustainability of Marine Protected Areas: Comparison of Preah Sihanouk "Ream" and Phnom Bokor

1.0 Title

The working title of this research is initially drafted as Conservation and Sustainability of Marine Protected Areas: Comparison of Preah Sihanouk "Ream" and Phnom Bokor.

2.0 Background of the Study

In 1925, Cambodia pioneered the establishment of protected areas in the Southeast Asia. The Royal Decree created a national system of classifying the 23 protected areas into four categories such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, protected landscapes and multiple use areas. For the purpose of conserving biodiversity, along with protecting forests and wildlife habitats, marine protected areas were likewise established. Marine and littoral protected areas include both marine and littoral and areas with both components. IUCN defines marine protected areas as ""any area of intertidal or subtidal terrain, together with its overlying water and associated flora and fauna, historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment."

In Cambodia, there are four marine protected areas Phnom Bokor, Kep, Preah Sihanouk "Ream", and Botum-Sakor National Park and these areas vary on priority and designation. For this paper, Preah Sihanouk "Ream" and Phnom Bokor will be evaluated in terms of the effectiveness of the conservation and sustainable development practices. The rationale behind this research points on analysing the achievement of the subsistence of marine protection and how it can contribute to the livelihood of Cambodians.

3.0 Statement of the Problem

The problem that will be addressed in this study is to assess the conservation practices in Preah Sihanouk "Ream" and Phnom Bokor areas. How effective are the strategies and systems in protecting and sustaining fish biomass, seabed habitats, sustainable harvesting and exploitation of marine stocks and expanding fish population will be determined. In addition, the research will also address the fishing disturbances in the areas that contribute in interrupted production and eventual decline in marine populace. In lieu with this, the following research questions will be answered.

1) What are the existing coastal and marine ecosystems?

2) What legislation and administrative frameworks govern the conservation of marine protected areas?

3) What are the existing marine protected area systems? How these systems contribute in protecting the areas?

4) What are the roles of the local communities in conserving the marine areas?

5) What are the threats in conserving the marine protected areas?

4.0 Objectives of the Study

The study will address the following specific objectives:

To analyse the several activities or events that jeopardises effective conservation of that quality of marine life Preah Sihanouk "Ream" and Phnom Bokor
To determine how these activities affect the water ecology in the
To distinguish the role of the people within the vicinity and the authority having jurisdiction in protecting marine areas

5.0 Research Methodology

This study will use the descriptive type of research. A descriptive research intends to present facts concerning the nature and status of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to describe present conditions, events or systems based on the impressions or reactions of the respondents of the research (Creswell, 1994). It is also concerned with relationships and practices that exist, beliefs and processes that are ongoing, effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing (Best, 1970).

In this study, primary and secondary research will be both incorporated. The reason for this is to be able to provide adequate discussion for the readers that will help them understand more about the issue and the different variables that involve with it. The primary data for the study will be represented by the survey results that will be acquired from the respondents. On the other hand, the literature reviews to be presented in the second chapter of the study will represent the secondary data of the study.

The research will be presented in written form with the addition of data charts which will present the project's results. Pie charts and network charts will be needed to illustrate some of the analyzed data. This cannot be confirmed, however, until the research data have been analyzed.

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